What Is Keeping The Bank Of Canada Up At Night?

"Canadian and global economic activity remains unusually uncertain" from the October 2020 Monetary Policy Report.

Yes, we have recovered some of the lost growth that we were experiencing pre-pandemic, but as you can see in the above chart, it is not expected to return to pre-pandemic levels until mid 2021 in the best case scenario.

And here is what the BOC has to say about the risks to that:

"Given the continued uncertainty about the evolution of the pandemic, the projection is highly conditional on the following assumptions:

• Extensive lockdown measures, such as the widespread closures imposed early in the pandemic, will not be reintroduced, although more localized and moderate containment measures will ebb and flow.
• Vaccines and effective treatments will be widely available by mid 2022, at which time the direct effects of the pandemic on economic activity will have ended.

Precautionary behaviour of households and the effects from the uncertainty surrounding COVID-19 are, however, likely to linger.

The pandemic is also likely to have persistent effects on the behaviour of consumers and businesses. This could lead to lasting changes in the structure of the economy and could weigh on its potential output."

As I have stated so very many time in past blogs (ad nauseum), economic activity is a function of confidence by consumers and businesses. Uncertainty is going to be a major hurdle.

The outlook for the global economy is also somewhat hazy:

and apparently not expected to get back to pre-pandemic levels as far as their forecasts go out (at this moment).

This morning the U.S. Commerce Department reported a record Q3 GDP growth rate of 7.4% (33.1% annualized) , slightly better than expected, however, still running at levels well below where it was in Q4 2019:

So, my friends, lets keep some perspective: lets hope that the BOC's optimistic forecast is correct, but let's be prepared for this to drag on longer than we might wish.

One thing we can count on is low interest rates for an extended period: the BOC release on interest rates yesterday stated "well into 2023". They are also buying longer dated bonds, mostly direct from the federal government, which should keep longer term rates in check.

If you think that low interest rates in bond markets compels you to want to own more over-priced stocks, give it some thought.

Here is what our friend David Rosenberg had to say recently in one of his morning letters:

"You don't own Treasuries (government bonds) for the yield, obviously. You no longer have a whole lot of potential for capital gains, either. That's not why you own them. You own them because they have no capital risk. They have no default risk. they may obviously have inflation risk. But there is no other investment where there is no default risk and perfect certainty of what your payment will be at the time of maturity. You don't own bonds to propel your total return; you own bonds to preserve and safeguard returns and use them as a risk-management tool. That I see so many knuckleheads talk about how 60-40 doesn't work anymore is a true mystery...

Equities are sexier after all. Nobody talks about the Treasury Market at cocktail parties."

The economy, the state of the consumer (household) and business confidence will keep the Bank of Canada up at night. Clearly there is risk in the "unusual" uncertainty. Now, more than ever it is time to take stalk of the risk in your investment portfolio and how best to manage and mitigate that risk.

 What Keeps Us Up At Night

We like to think that we are professional "worriers": we worry about stuff so that our clients don't have to, so that they can go about leading and enjoying productive (our leisurely), positive lives.

That is what comes from our on-going assessment,  mitigation and monitoring of risks to our long-term wealth forecasts and our investment portfolios. We want to be optimistic, but only cautiously so. Over-optimism is clearly an emotion that only increases risk. However, optimism, especially in financial markets, is what is sold to less suspecting buyers, so we have to always be on guard for that (beware the advisor with the latest and greatest!).

So what are we worried about?

1) The economic impact from the Covid 19 is far from certain and the Q3 bounce-back from the huge dive in Q2 GDP growth will stall out in Q4 and onward.

The Bank of Canada's Business Outlook Survey - Autumn 2020 and Canadian Survey Of consumer Expectations - Third Quarter of 2020 , released earlier this week, clearly outline high levels of economic uncertainty for the future.

The U.S. Federal Reserve's Beige Book (reports by the various regional Federal Reserve Banks) released yesterday, suggests a similar level of uncertainty, including the potential impact of the upcoming November 3 presidential election:

Which, according to the electoral college polls (which matter most vs. the popular vote), remains unclear with enough "toss up" states that make it too close to call.

2) We fear a disputed U.S. election result and the potential for civil unrest that this might create.

3) Surprise, surprise! We think that stock market valuations are expensive and as a result there is a greater risk to the downside, if , as and when investors become disappointed with the current economic or political outlook.

The last time we saw the price to earnings ratios at these levels was way back in the "dot-com Bubble" of 2001-02. Currently stock prices are very "bubblicious". When stock prices rise and portfolio valuations move higher, some might feel better. We do not. We become even more concerned, especially when we feel it is not warranted.

Sell greed, buy fear.

4) Government debt loads are soaring and will continue to do so and at some point in time additional revenues will be required just to cover the expanding interest costs. Taxes are not going down and tax breaks for the wealthy (if you have an investment portfolio my friends, or own a home, for that matter, consider yourself in the "land of the wealthy") will come under greater scrutiny (capital gains taxes for one!).

Sleep well my friends (we have your backs)!

 Mitigating Risk (Part 5)

Guest Blog courtesy of Ross Brown (Acorn To Oak Financial)

Insurance to many people is a confusing and often highly misunderstood topic. Most of us have been taught to think of it as a cost or a necessary evil. Many families have not been counselled on how to utilize it effectively as an integral part of Risk Management within their overall wealth building process.

Over the years we have seen many financial plans that were created from an accumulation and retirement planning philosophy, but in reality, few are created with true Risk Management in mind. Too often these well intended plans are created with static assumptions that look fantastic if everything goes according to plan but fail miserably when adversity rears its ugly head.

We need to think more like an engineer when we build our financial lives: that our plan should work equally in both good times and in bad. When an engineer builds a bridge, they do not just build it based on the bare minimum requirements, they build in many contingencies that could impact the integrity of the structure such as excess winds, additional load, earthquakes etc. Our financial lives should be no different and insurance can play an important role in this.

Let us start by looking at what types of risks could potentially exist for you and your family throughout your lives and how they could derail or significantly impede your future financial success.

In the first category there are events that we would classify as Economic Risks such as Job Losses, Inflation, Stock Markets, Interest Rates, Recessions, Pandemics, Tax Rates and Tax Laws. These are events that you usually have no control over as an individual and the best way to protect yourself from them is by having access to liquidity for both emergencies and opportunities as the situations arise.

In the second category there are events that we classify as Insurable Risks such as Lawsuits, ID Theft, Disability, Death, Property Damage or Loss, Health & Long-Term Care Costs. These are events that you are in control of mitigating the risk in advance by securing insurance so that you and your family are protected should any of these events occur.

Insurance is one of the most important financial instruments available today in society. It gives us the ability to transfer certain risks away from ourselves into a pool of many who agree to assist in the loss of any individual member within that pool if a certain peril should occur. Insurance is something we all want to own as it provides us with security and certainty. 

So, what is Insurance? Well if you always keep this one definition in mind, you will have a much stronger and resilient insurance portfolio:

Insurance is the reimbursement for the FULL VALUE of any item lost.

We should all use insurance effectively to protect our wealth, income, and lives by looking at the “economic value” of them and then matching that value to the proper level of insurance.

Let us give you a few examples.

·         If your home burned down in a fire, would you want the insurance company to pay you the full value of the home or just enough to build a smaller home to “meet your needs”?

·         If your car were stolen, would you want the full value of the car to be replaced or would you want just enough money to buy a smaller less expensive car that “meets your needs”?

·         If you became disabled and could not work, would you want your full income replaced or just a lesser amount based on what “you need to get by”?

·         If you were to die prematurely, would you want your family to receive your full annual income, as if you were alive, or would you want them to receive just what they “need to get by” and not a penny more?

We hope your answer to each of these questions was that you would want the full replacement value, and not a lesser amount that represents a perceived “need”. The most important point that we can try to get across is that when we purchase insurance, we are buying a way of life that WILL occur if one of those perils should happen.

Often we see people with substantially less coverage than full replacement value and when asked why some of the answers we get are, “that was all I wanted to spend” or “I have no idea but it sounded good at the time” or “I don’t like insurance and I am trying to save money on the premiums”. But when asked how much they would own if it were free most people would own the maximum they could acquire.

The focus on an insurance buying decision should not be on premium cost but should always be on obtaining full-replacement value coverage first.

Many times, the decision has been made by seeking out the cheapest policy (which often provides the fewest benefits, and hence the least value), we should seek to insure for the full value of the asset, income or life we are trying to protect. When discussing any form of insurance, first imagine the peril occurring in your life, then select the coverage that will make your life happy or complete if the event should actually occur.

Once that amount has been ascertained, then the cost and how to pay for it comes into play. But never settle for less than what you would want to have if the peril did occur.

Born in Edinburgh, Scotland Ross moved to Canada in 1996 and has over 20 years of experience in the financial services and insurance industry.

His expertise focuses on the efficient and effective accumulation and distribution of wealth using insurance products. He specializes in assisting families, professionals and business owners with solutions designed to protect, as well as enhance their income and wealth throughout all stages of their lives, while ultimately passing it on as efficiently as they’d prefer to their families, charities or religious affiliations.

Working regularly with other professional advisors he brings integrated and strategic insurance solutions to meet a client’s unique circumstances, complementing the excellent work delivered in the Wealth Management, Investment, Legal and Accounting sectors of our industry. 

He is actively involved in volunteering his time to the Barrie Scotch Whisky Society and has also served as a Simcoe County board member for the Canadian Association of Insurance and Financial Advisors.  

 Mitigating Risk (Part 4)

I have been looking after this particular family since I began my second career (first career was as a trader / risk manager of fixed income securities as a VP at a few financial institutions in both Toronto and NYC) in the world of family wealth management in and around the turn of this century. As you can see in the above graph, they are well on their way to achieving their goals. They also have a $500,000 whole life policy that currently has a death benefit of close to $800,000 that will continue to grow and go to their beneficiaries tax free. They can also borrow against it, if they so choose, to be repaid upon death and this is also going to be able to provide tax-free cash flow, if they so desire it. Great diversification, tax efficient and it provides plenty of options and safeguards.

But we have also been able to achieve some solid, risk-adjusted returns by which to grow their savings:

Most of you have seen this table and graph before (and our clients will see it regularly updated in their quarterly reports). 

What we are focused on (upper table) is the absolute return: Compound Annual Total Return (after fees) and the Return per Unit of Risk taken, relative to the other benchmarks. 

We have eight years of history with this client because previous institutions who provided the platform for my wealth management practice considered my clients as theirs and would not release the their data to me under the guise of a privacy policy. Another story for another day, perhaps, but be well advised that this is the proprietary nature of large financial institutions.

However, eight years (with two of them having mild negative returns: 2015, 2018) should be ample to show how this strategy of mitigating risk (return per unit of risk taken) has allowed a 60% equity / 40% fixed income portfolio to more than out-perform our relatively conservative 4.5%, after fees, target growth projections. 

It works! 

Patience is often required. Some, over the years, have lost patience and opted to find a different strategy, usually on a "do it yourself" (DIY) type basis. Others have seen the light and joined the many (now High Rock) clients who believe in making a plan and sticking to it, with a view to the long-term. We can't control the markets, but we can control our level of exposure to them and the structure of our portfolios to contain and utilize volatility as it occurs. This my friends is called stewardship. Taking the long-term view to building and having wealth that takes you to your end financial (and life) goals and avoiding the noise (and their is so much noise right now) and the "shiny objects" (things that might make you want to gamble your financial livelihood) that other, rather overly optimistic folks, want to sell you.

We are long-term optimistic folks here at High Rock, but cautiously so. Our experience at managing risk has few equals and we know that one way to keep our clients sticking to their plans is to not let them be frightened out of them.

Balance, diversity and opportunity, if you wait patiently for it, are the keys to mitigating portfolio risk. The proof is in the above charts and tables.

That being said, and many optimists won't let you in on this: past performance is not a guarantee of future returns. However, as many of you already know, at High Rock we work darn hard to get our clients (and ourselves) the best possible risk-adjusted returns.

Happy Thanksgiving!

Stay safe, stay healthy!